^^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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A, 


1.0 


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11.25 


iM    12.0 


iU 


1.4 


I 

HMI 

m 

1.6 


V 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14SS0 

(716)872-4503 


^V" 


^f^^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


>•; 


Canadian  institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Tachnical  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notas  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  Instituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibilographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  uau«!  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


r~1    Colourad  covara/ 

■  v^'    Couvartura  da  coulaur 


{~~1    Covara  damagad/ 


D 


D 


D 
D 


n 


D 


Couvartura  andommagAa 


Covara  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  rartauria  at/ou  palliculte 


□   Covar  titia  miaaing/ 
La 


titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


I — I   Colourad  mapa/ 


Cartaa  g4ographiquaa  w*  coulaur 


Colourad  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 


I — I   Colourad  plataa  and/or  illuatrationa/ 


Planchaa  at/ou  illuatrationa  ti  coulaur 

Bound  witii  othar  matarial/ 
Ralii  avac  d'autraa  documanta 

Tight  binding  may  cauaa  ahadowa  or  diatortian 
along  intarlor  margin/  ' 

La  r«  liura  aarria  paut  cauaar  da  I'cmbra  ou  da  la 
diatoraion  la  long  da  la  marga  int^laura 

Blank  laavaa  addad  during  rastoration  may 
appaar  within  tha  taxt.  Whanavar  poasibia,  thasa 
hava  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  aa  paut  qua  cartainaa  pagaa  blanchaa  ajout^aa 
lora  d'una  raetauration  apparaiaaant  dan*  la  taxta. 
mala,  loraqua  cala  Atait  poaaibia,  caa  pagaa  n'ont 
paa  iti  f  ilmiaa. 

Additional  commanta:/ 
Commantairaa  suppiimantairea.- 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm*  la  maillaur  axamplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  Ati  poaaibia  da  aa  procurar.  Las  details 
da  cat  axamplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atra  uniquas  du 
point  da  vua  bibliographiqua.  qui  pauvant  modifier 
una  imaga  raproduita,  ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una 
modification  dana  la  mithoda  normala  da  fiimaga 
aont  indiquAa  ci-daaaoua. 


D 


0 


0 


Colourad  pagaa/ 
Pagaa  da  coulaur 


P 
o 
fl 


r~1   Pagaa  damagad/ 


Pagaa  andommagiaa 

Pagaa  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Pagaa  raatauriaa  at/ou  palliculAas 

Pagaa  discolourad.  stainad  or  foxad/ 
Pagaa  dlAcolorios.  tachut^as  ou  piquAaa 

Pagaa  datachad/ 
Pagaa  d^tachias 


Showthrough/ 
Tranaparanca 


I      I   Quality  of  print  variaa/ 


Qualit*  inigala  da  I'imprassion 

Includas  supplamantary  matarial/ 
Comprand  du  material  suppi^mantaira 

Only  adition  availabia/ 
Saula  Mition  diaponibia 


.^: 


tl 
ai 
o1 
111 
al 


Pagaa  wholly  or  partially  obscurad  by  errata 
siipa,  tissues,  etc.,  hava  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  Image/ 
Lea  pagaa  totalament  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  per  un  feuillet  d'errata.  una  peiure. 
etc..  ont  ixi  filmtes  A  nouveau  da  fapon  A 
obtanir  la  mailleure  imaga  poasibia. 


Tl 
ah 
Tl 
w 

M 

d 

be 
rig 

mt 


Thia  Item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  eat  film*  au  taux  da  reduction  IndiquA  ci-daaaous 

10X                            14X                            18X                           22X 

• 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

^^>.■;■. 

I 

tails 
I  du 
odifier 
una 
mage 


Th*  copy  filmad  bars  hM  b««n  raproducad  thanks 
to  tha  ganaroaity  of: 

Douglas  Library 
Quaan't  Univaraity 

Tha  imagaa  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  baat  quality 
poaaibia  conaMaring  tha  condition  and  iaglbiHty 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  apacificatlona. 


0''9inal  copiaa  In  printad  papar  covara  ara  filmad 
w jginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  iiiuatratad  impraa- 
sion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  approprlata.  All 
othar  oilginai  copiaa  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
f  irat  paga  with  a  printad  or  iiiuatratad  Impraa- 
sion,  and  anding  on  tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad 
or  iiiuatratad  impraaalon. 


L'axamplaira  fllmA  fut  raproduit  grica  A  la 
gAnAroait*  da: 

Douglas  Library 
Quaan's  Univaraity 

Laa  Imagaa  suhrantas  ont  At*  raproduitaa  avac  la 
plua  grand  aoln,  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  l'axamplaira  film*,  at  an 
conformit*  avac  laa  conditlona  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 

Laa  axampialraa  origlnaux  dont  la  couvartura  an 
papiar  aat  lmprim*a  sont  flimis  an  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  aolt  par  la 
daral*ra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
dimpraaalon  ou  d'iliuatration,  aolt  par  la  aacond 
plat,  aaion  la  caa.  Tous  laa  autraa  axamplairas 
origlnaux  aont  fiim*s  an  commandant  par  la 
pramlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'impraaalon  ou  d'iiiustration  at  wt  tarminant  par 
la  darnl*ra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talla 
amprainta. 


Tha  last  racordad  frama  on  aach  microfiche 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  — ^  (moaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  Y  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  appllaa. 


Un  daa  symboiaa  auivanta  apparattra  sur  la 
darnl*ra  imaga  da  chaqua  microficha,  salon  la 
caa:  la  aymbola  — ^-slgnifia  "A  SUiVRE",  la 
aymboia  ▼  signlfia  "FIN". 


Maps,  pfataa,  charta,  atn.,  may  ba  filmad  at 
diffarant  raductlon  ration.  Thoaa  too  larga  to  ba 
antiraiy  included  in  ona  axpoaura  ara  filmad 
beginning  (n  tha  uppar  laft  hi '  d  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  mt  many  framea  aa 
required.  The  following  diagrama  iiluatrate  the 
method: 


Lea  cartea,  planchea,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  *tre 
film*s  A  des  taux  da  r*duction  diff*rent8. 
Lorsqua  le  document  eat  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
raproduit  an  un  aeui  clichA,  11  eat  fiimA  A  partir 
da  Tangle  aupArieur  gauche,  do  gauciie  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  baa,  an  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imagea  nAcassaira.  Laa  diagrammes  suivants 
iiluatrant  la  mAthoda. 


rata 


lelure. 


J 


ax 


fc:1 

2 

3 

-  ■•-■'ii' 


f 


i 


'' 


6 


•^*^<A 


t^vC^/^^^^"-"''' ' 


r. 


OFFICIAL  DOCUMENTS 

« 

BBLATIVB  TO  THE  • 

OPERATIONS 

-  •  .  '  .  ■.■•*■... 

* 
OF  - 

•  ■ 

THE  BRITISH  ARMY 

*  **■  ^  ■ . 

'        »  ,  ■  ■  "  "i  .*  .  . 

t      ■      ■       .  .     - 

EMPLOTXn  IN  TI^E       ^  . 

•  BED^TIOJ^  OF  TEE  CMTMAS, 

UNDER  MAJORS-GENERAL  WOLFE,  AMHERST,  tfc. 

'•      .         •'  ♦■.  •:  '■■■■   ^"v        ■  •■     '* 


.;>        '^■" 


;  — '— N*ii«»-.  - 


,    BESOBIPTIOJ^ 

.Of  • 

#JEB£C  AND  MONTREAL. 


*r^l 


■:;^\)' 


«A>V^tfVVWVW«l 


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,1  ■ 
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Q 


PHILABELPUIA, 
PRINTED  BT  O.  PALMER. 

JVovembeTf  1813..  . 


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A  r  |)FFICIAL  DOCUMENTS 


't- ■    : 


BKLATIVB   TO   THK 

OPERATIONS  OF  THE  BRITISH  ARMY 


'   Hf  !»;,■  •!.«,''/•  ^"■'^■■^--•^■'■ 


EMPLOTBD    IN   THE 


;!M>^'Q 


■  i'h  • 


JREDUCTIOJT  OF  THE  CJU^JDAS, 


UNDER  MAJORS-GENERAL  WOLFE,  AMHERST,  tfr. 

>      ;  ,■:     ..  ,".,1: 

In  the  Tears  1759  and  176a  ;  v  j  J.  .   '^  '  .    • 
DESCRIPTIONS  OF  QUEBEC  AND  MONTREAL. 


r.'  ■>  '.'»^-;  •.;:.^i'K    "i    ^M 


i»4';y-"'j»fiv.  .'»»/<  1  ■«;.;'  -  -ivVf -'V  ♦■ 


v«w«w^vw%<%w^ 


,i^;.f'r'«: 


Letter  from  Major-General  Woffcy  to  Secretary  Pitt^  dated 

Head>Qaarten,  at  Montmorenci,  in  the  river 
i, .  ^^  St  Lawrencct  September  3>  1759. 


Si«,     ''^.■"■'w  /""  >■■'    *'■■   ^ 

JL  WISH  I  could,  upon  this  occasion,  have  the  lionour  of  trans- 
mitting you  a  more  favourable  account  of  the  progress  of  his  ma* 
jesty's  arms;  but  the  obstacles  we  have  met  with  in  the  operations 
of  the  campaign,  are  much  greater  than  we  had  reason  to  expect> 
or  could  foresee;  not  so  much  from  the  number  of  the  enemyi 
(though  superior  to  us,)  as  from  the  natural  strength  of  the  country, 
which  the  marquis  de  Montcalm  seems  wisely  to  depend  upon. 

When  I  learned  that  succours  of  all  kinds  had  been  tlirown  into 
Quebec;  that  five  battalions  of  regular  troops,  completed  from  the 
best  inhabitants  of  the  country,  some  of  the  troops  of  the  oolony,  and 
every  Canadian  that  was  able  to  bear  arms,  besides  several  nations 
of  savages,  had  taken  the  field  in  a  very  advantageous  situation ;  I 
eould  not  flatter  myself  that  I  should  be  able  to  reduce  the  place. 
I  sought,  however,  an  occasion  to  attack  their  army,  knowing  well 
that  with  these  troops  I  was  able  to  fight,  and  hoping  that  a  victoiy 
might  disperse  diem. 


ic;- 


:A4 


i^. 


.*i     ■   I 


*  Si 
4 


V 


•!*'»'•• 


■3^-i 


M 


> 


We  found  them  encamped  along  the  shore  of  Beaufort)  from  the 
river  St.  Charles  to  the  falls  of  Montmorenct,  and  infi«nched  in 
every  accessible  pait.  Tht  27th  of  June  we  landed  upon  the  island 
of  Orleans ;  but  receiving  a  message  from  the  admiral  that  there  was 
reason  to  think  that  the  enemy  had  artillery  and  a  force  upon  the 
point  of  Levi}  I  detachc^fl  brigadier-general  Moncton  with  four  bat- 
talions to  drive  them  from  thence.  He  passed  the  river  the  29th 
at  night,  and  marched  the  next  day  to  the  point.  He  obliged  the 
enemy's  irregulars  to  retire,  and  possessed  himself  of  that  pbst;  the 
advanced  parties  upon  this  occasion  had  two  or  three  skirmishes  with 
the  Canadians  and  Indians,  with  little  loss  on  either  side. 

Colonel  Carleton  marched  with  a  detachment  to  the  westernmost 
point  of  the  isle  of  Orleans,  from  whence  our  operations  were  likely 
to  begin.  It  was  absolutely  necessary  to  possess  these  two  points? 
and  fortify  theiti,  because,  from  either  the  one  or  the  other,  the 
enemy  might  mal^  it  impossible  for  any  ship  to  lie  in  the  bason  of 
Quebec,  or  even  within  two  miles  of  it*  Batteries  of  mortars  and 
cannon  were  erected  with  great  despatch  near  the  point  of  Levi  to 
bombard  the  town  and  magatines,  and  to  injure  the  works  and  bat- 
teries ;  the  enemy  perceiving  these  works  in  some  forwardness, 
passed  the  river  with  1600  men  to  attack  and  destroy  them.  Un- 
luckily they  fell  into  confusion,  fired  upon  one  another,  and  went 
back  again ;  by  which  we  lost  an  opportunity  of  defeating  this  large 
detachment*  The  effect  of  this  artillery  had  been  so  great  (though 
across  the  river)  that  the  upper  town  is  considerably  damaged,  and 
the  lower  town  entirely  destroyed.  The  works  for  the  security  of 
our  hospital  and  stores  on  the  isle  of  Orleans  being  finished,  on  the 
9th  July,  at  night,  we  passed  the  north  channel,  and  encamped  near 
the  enemy's  left,  the  river  Montmorenci  between  us.  The  next 
morning  captain  Danks's  company  of  rangers,  posted  in  a  wood  to 
cover  some  workmen,  were  attacked  and  defeated  by  a  body  of  In- 
dians, and  had  so  many  killed  and  wounded,  as  to  be  almost  disabled 
for  the  rest  of  the  campaign ;  the  enemy  also  suffered  in  this  affair, 
and  were  in  their  turn  driven  off  by  the  nearest  troops.  The 
ground  to  the  eastward  of  the  falls  seemed  to  be  (as  it  really  is)  higher 
than  that  on  the  enemy's  side,  and  to  command  it  in  a  manner,  which 
might  1>e  made  useful  to  us.     There  i^  besides  a  ford  below  the  falls^ 


-ask  4 


'";.:'«ai*%! 


wl 

anj 
ml 

bii 
Sol 


thj 


ort,  from  the 
nmnched  in 
on  the  island 
lat  there  was 
ce  upon  the 
ith  four  hat- 
er the  29th 
obliged  the 
at  pbst;  the 
mishes  with 

'estei-nmost 
were  likely 
two  points* 
other,  the 
16  bason  of 
lortars  and 
of  Levi  to 
«  and  bat- 
rwardness, 
em.    Un- 
and  went 
this  large 
t  (though 
iged,  and 
curity  of 
d»  on  the 
ped  near 
'he  next 
wood  to 
y  of  In- 
disabled 
is  affair, 
The 
I  higher 
>  which 
re  faUs; 


which  may  be  passed  for  some  hours  in  the  laitter  part  of  the  ebh^  , 
and  beginning  of  the  flood  tide;  and  I  had  hopes,  that  possibly 
means  might  be  found  of  passing  the  river  above,  no  as  to  fight  M. 
Montcalm  upon  terms  of  less  disadvantage  than  directly  attacking 
bis  intrenchments.  In  reconnoitring  the  river  Montmorenci,  we 
found  it  fondable  at  a  place  about  three  miles  up ;  but  the  opposite 
bank  was  intrenched,  and  so  steep  and  woody,  that  it  was  to  no  pur- 
pose to  attempt  a  passage  there*  The  escort  was  twice  attacked  by  ] 
the  Indians,  who  were  as  often  repulsed;  but  in  these  rencounters 
we  had  40  (officers  and  men)  killed  and  wounded. 
■,.v,The  18th  of  July,  two  men  of  war,  two  armed  sloops,  and  two 
transports  with  some  troops  on  board*  passed  by  the  town  without 
any  loss,  and  got  into  the  upper  river.  This  enabled  me  to  reconnoi- 
tre the  country  above^  where  I  found  the  same  attention  on  the 
enemy's  side,  and  great  difficulty  on  ours,  arising  from  the  nature  of 
the  ground,  and  the  obstacles  to  our  communicatv>n  with  the  fleet. 
Bttt  what  I  feared  most,  was,  that  if  we  should  land  between  the 
town  and  cape  Rouge,  the  body  first  landed  could  not  be  reinforced 
before  they  were  attacked  by  the  enemy's  whole  army.  :^q  . 

Notwithstanding  these  difficulties,  I  thought  once  of  attempting 
it  at  St.  Michael's,  about  three  miles  above  the  town;  but  perceiving 
that  the  enemy  were  jealous  of  the  design,  were  preparbg  against 
it,  and  had  actually  brought  artillery  and  a  mortar  (which  being  so 
near  to  Quebec  they  could  increase  as  they  pleased)  to  play  upon 
the  shipping;  and  as  it  must  have  been  many  hours  before  we  could 
attack  them  (even  supposing  a  fevourable  night  for  the  boats  to  pass 
by  the  town  unhurt),  it  seemed  s»  U&zardous  that  I  thought  it  best 

to  desist.       •f.m:  m,:t"h^--^  ■(y-;-vP'^.-  ^!ry'V'.i-^^  i-^j4---^ii-- 

However,  to  divide  the  enemy's  force,  and  to  drasv  their  attention 
as  high  up  the  river  as  possible,  and  to  procure  some  intelligence,  I 
sent  a  detachment  under  the  command  of  colonel  Garleton  to  land  at 
Pointe  de  Trempe,  to  attack  whatever  he  might  find  there,  bring  off 
some  prisoners,  and  all  the  useful  papers  he  could  get.  I  had  been 
informed  that  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  Quebec  had  retired  to 
that  place,  and  that  probably  we  should  find  there  a  magazine  of 

provisions,  vt^ >iv|»«^%:l•f?-i^,;?A'  ;v.  .(\  /u  ik>^ 

.^.  The  colonel  was  fired  upon  by  a  body  of  Indians  the  moment  he 


-.»'  *, 


■'^-^■ 


'-.■I,  ' 


k 


landed)  but  they  were  lOon  dispersed  and  driven  into  the  woods ;  lie 
searched  for  magasbes,  but  to  no  purpose ;  brought  off  some  pri- 
soners, and  returned  with  little  loss.  ?tv4  I^  <f«  :<M«  i>^!»«^r 
,  ^:  After  this  business  I  returned  to  Montmorencl,  when  I  found  that 
brigadier  Tov.ushend  had,  by  a  superior  fire,  prevented  the  French 
from  erecting  a  battery  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  from  whence  they 
intended  to  cannonade  our  camp.  I  now  resolved  to  take  the  first 
opportunity  that  presented  itself,  of  attacking  the  enemy,  though 
posted  to  great  advantage,  and  every  where  prepared  to  receive  us. 

As  the  men  of  war  cannot  (for  want  of  sufficient  depth  of  water) 
come  near  enough  to  the  enemy's  intrenchments  to  give  them  the 
least  annoyance,  the  admiral  had  prepared  two  transports  (drawing 
but  little  water),  which  upon  occasions  could  be  run  aground  to  fa- 
vour a  descent.  With  the  help  of  these  vessels,  which  I  understood 
would  be  carried  by  the  tide  close  in  shore,  I  proposed  to  make  my- 
self master  of  a  detached  redoubt  near  the  water's  edge,  and  whose 
situation  appeared  to  be  out  of  musket-shot  of  the  intrenchment  on 
the  hill.  If  the  enemy  supported  this  detached  piece,  it  would  ne- 
cessarily bring  on  an  engagement,  what  we  most  wished  for ;  and  if 
not,  I  should  have  it  in  my  power  to  examine  their  situation,  so  as  to 
be  able  to  determine  where  we  could  best  attack  them. 

PrcparaUons  were  accordingly  made  for  an  engagement.  The 
31st  July,  in  the  forenoon,  the  boats  of  the  fleet  Were  filled  with  gre- 
nadiers, and  a  part  of  brigadier  Moncton's  brigade  from  the  point  of 
Levi.  The  two  brigades  under  the  command  of  brigadiers  Towns- 
hend  and  Murray,  were  ordered  to  be  in  readiness  to  pass  the  ford, 
when  it  might  be  thought,  necessary.  To  facilitate  the  passage  of 
this  corps,  the  admiral  had  placed  the  Centurion  in  the  channel,  so 
that  she  might  *check  the  fire  of  the  lower  batteries  which  com- 
manded the  ford.  This  ship  was  of  great  use,  as  her  fire  was  very 
judiciously  directed.  A  great  quantity  of  artillery  was  placed  on  the 
rnninence,  so  as  to  batter  and  enfilade  the  left  of  their  intrenchments. 

From  the  vessels  which  run  aground  nearest  in,  I  observed  that 
the  redoubt  was  too  mUch  commanded  to  be  kept  Without  very  great 
loss;  and  the  more  so  as  the  two  armed  ships  could  not  be  brought 
near  enough  to  cover  both  with  their  artillery  and  musketry,  which  I 
at  first  conceived  they  might.  But  as  the  enemy  seemed  in  some  con- 


'«**< 


'i  *. 


,i     '  ■-•.1*^.  ;>.„  i».  ^; 


:-y--lf^::: 


woods;  he 
'  ■ome  pvi> 

found  that 
the  French 
licnce  thtif 
e  the  first 
iVi  though 
:eive  us. 
of  water) 
them  the 
>  (drawing 
>und  to  &• 
inderstoo^ 
make  my- 
nd  whose 
hment  on 
nrould  ne- 
•r ;  and  if 
1)90  at  to 

It.     The 
irith  gre- 
point  of 
Towns- 
the  ford, 
ssage  of 
innel,  so 
ch  corn- 
eas very 
don  the 
bments. 
^ed  that 
y  great 
)rought 
vhich  I 
ne  con- 


fusioHf  and  we  were  {m  pared  for  action,  I  thought  it  a  proper  ^itie 
to  make  an  attempt  upon  their  intrenchment.  Orders  were  sent  to 
the  brigadiers-general  to  be  ready  with  the  corps  under  their  com- 
mand, brigadier-general  Moncton  to  {and,  and  the  brigadiers  Towns- 
hend  and  Murray  to  past  the  ford. 

At  a  proper  time  of  the  tide  the  signal  was  made,  but  in  rowing 
towards  the  shore  many  of  the  boats  grounded  upon  a  ledge  that  runs 
off  a  considerable  distance.  This  accident  put  us  into  some  disor- 
der, lost  a  great  deal  of  time,  and  ol)Iig^d  me  to  send  an  officer  to 
stop  brigadier  Townshend's  march,  whom  I  then  observed  to  be  in 
motidn.  Whilst  the  seamen  were  getting  the  boats  off,  the  enemy 
fired  a  number  of  shells  and  shot,  but  these  did  no  considerable  da- 
mage. As  soon  as  this  disorder  could  be  set  a  little  to  rights,  and 
the  boats  were  ranged  in  a  proper  manner,  sortie  of  the  officers  of 
the  army  went  in  with  me  to  find  a  better  place  to  land :  we  took 
one  flat-bottomed  boat  with  us  to  make  the  experiment,  and  as  soon 
as  we  had  fotmd  a  fit  part  of  the  shore,  the  troops  were  ordered  to 
disembark,  thinking  it  not  yet  too  late  for  the  attempt. 

The  13  companies  of  grenadiers^  and  200  of  the  2d  royal  Ameri- 
can battalion,  got  first  on  shore.  The  grenadiers  were  ordered  to 
form  themselves  into  four  distinct  bodies,, and  to  begin  the  attack, 
supported  by  brigadier  Moncton*s  corps,  as  soon  as  the  t;t)ops  had 
passed  the  ford,  and  were  at  hand  to  assist.  But,  whether  from  the 
noise  and  hurry  at  landing,  or  from  some  other  cause,  the  grenadiers, 
instead  of  forming  themselves  as  they  had  been  directed,  *'an  on  im- 
petuously towards  the  enemy's  intrenchments  in  the  utmost  disorder 
and  confusion,  without  waiting  for  the  corps  which  were  to  sustain 
them  and  join  in  the  attack.  Brigadier  Moncton  was  not  landed,  and 
br'gddier  Townshend  was  still  at*a  considerable  distance,  though 
upon  his  march  to  join  us,  in  very  great  order.  The  grenadiers 
\rere  checked  by  the  enemy's  first  fire,  and  obliged  to  shelter  them" 
selves  in  or  about  the  redoubt  which  the  French  abandoned  upcfi 
their  approach.  In  this  situation  they  continued  for  some  time,  un- 
able to  form  under  so  hot  a  fire,  and  having  many  gallant  officers 
wounded,  who  (careless  of  their  persons)  had  been  solely  intent  upon 
their  duty.  I  saw  the  absolute  necessity  of  calling  them  off,  that 
they  might  form  thjemselves  behind  brigadier  Monctpn's  corps, 


i. 


/Sfe- 


* 


■'t^*- 


I   I 


which  was  now  landedi  uid  dnwn  up  on  the  bjBtch  in  extreme  good 
order.  "* ' ■■  **'*'  "**'<  "f  :^vf  ■  ■  »*•  »v»  'itji  j.'f^;-.: ■ 

By  thii  new  accident)  and  this  second  delay,  it  waa  near  night  ;— 
a  sudden  storm  came  on,  and  the  tide  began  to  make;  ao  that'I 
thought  it  most  adviiteable  not  to  persevere  in  so  difficult  an  attack, 
lest  (in  case  of  a  repulse)  the  retreat  of  brigadier  Townshcnd's  corpa 
might  be  hasardous  and  uncertain. 

Our  artillery  had  great  effect  upon  the  enemy's  left,  where  briga- 
diers Townshend  and  Murray  were  to  have  attacked ;  and  it  is  pro- 
bable, if  those  accidents  which  I  have  spoken  of  had  not  happened, 
we  should  have  penetrated  there,  whilst  our  left  and  centre  (more 
remote  from  our  aitillery)  must  have  borne  all  the  violence  of  their 

musquetry.     vJifi-  •  fm--:>m>^^^*'^'(n^'^''f«^'''^^'^''^_i,*t^it 

■>  The  French  did  not  attempt  to  interrupt  our  march.  Some  of  the 
savages  cume  down  to  murder  such  wounded  as  could  not  be  brought 
oir,  and  to  scalp  the  dead,  agreeably  to  their  usual  custom. 

The  place  where  the  attack  was  intended,  has  these  advantages 
over  all  others  hereabout.  Our  artillery  could  be  brought  into  use. 
The  greatest  part,  or  even  the  whole  of  the  troops  might  act  at  oncei 
and  the  retreat  (if  necessary)  was  secure,  at  least  for  a  certain  time 
of  the  tide.  Neither  one  or  other  of  these  advantages  can  any  where 
else  be  found.  The  enemy  were  indeed  posted  upon  a  commanding 
eminence.  The  beach  upon  which  the  troops  were  drawn  up  was 
of  a  deep  mud,  with  holes,  and  cut  by  several  guUies.  The  hill  to 
be  ascended,  very  steep,  and  not  every  where  practicable.  The 
enemy  numerous  in  their  intrenchments,  and  their  fire  hot.  If  the 
attack  had  succeeded,  our  loss  must  certainly  have  been  great,  and 
theirs  inconsiderable,  from  the  shelter  which  the  neighbouring 
woods  afforded  them.  The  river  St.  Charles  still  remained  to  be 
passed,  before  the  towli  was  invested.  All  these  circumstances  I 
conudered;  but  the  desire  to  act  in  conformity  to  the  king's  inten- 
tions, induced  me  to  make  this  trial,  persuaded  that  a  victorious 
army  finds  no  difficulties. 

The  enemy  have  been  fortifying  ever  ^ce  witli  care,  so  as  to 
make  a  second  attempt  still  more  dangerous.       wt..;?i»c,*>ik«  ai*iffc<»i*-^ 

Immediately  after  this  check,  I  sent  brigadier  Murray  above  the 
town  with  1200  men,  directing  liim  to  assist  rear-admiral  Holmes 


•t 


[treme  good 

ir  niglit  ;<— 
i;  BO  that*I 
It  an  atUck, 
lead's  corpc 

'here  briga- 
nd it  it  pro- 
t  happened, 
:ntre  (more 
nee  of  their 


lome  of  the 
be  brought 

advantages 
It  into  uae. 
ct  at  once  I 
srtain  time 
any  where 
mmanding 
ivn  up  was 
^he  hill  to 
We.     The 
t    If  the 
;reat,  and 
l^hbourlng 
ned  to  be 
tstances  I 
S's  inten- 
rictorious 

so  as  to 

'•"it*-: 

)0ve  the 
Holmes 


^' 


ft)  the  destruction  of  the  French  ships  (if  they  could  be  (^t  at^,  in  or^ 
der  to  open  a  communication  with  general  Amherst.  The  brigadier 
was  to  seek  tvcry  favourable  opportunity  of  fighting  iiome  of  the 
enemy's  detachments,  pr^ided  he  could  do  it  upon  favourable 
terms,  and  to  use  all  ine«H|n  his  power  to  provoke  them  to  attack 
him.  He  made  two  diilMM  attempts  to  land  upon  the  itorth  shore 
without  success;  but  in  a  third  was  more  fortunate.  He  landed  un> 
expectedly  at  De  Chambaudi  and  there  burnt  a  magazine,  in  which 
were  some  provisions,  some  ammunition,  and  all  the  spare  stores, 
clothing,  arms,  and  baggage  of  their  army. 

Finding  that  their  ships  were  not  to  be  got  at,  and  little  prSkpect 
of  bringing  the  enemy  to  a  battle,  he  reported  his  situation  to  me, 
and  I  ordered  him  to  join  the  army. 

The  prisoners  he  took  informed  him  of  the  surrender  of  the  fort 
of  Niagara;  and  we  discovered  by  intercepted  letters,  that  the  enemy 
had  abandoned  Carillon  and  Crown-point,  and  w«>re  retired  to  the  Isle 
Aux  Ncix ;  and  thut  general  Amherst  was  making  preparations  to 
pass  lake  Champlain,  to  fall  upon  M.  fiourlemaque's  corps,  which 
consists  of  4^ree  battalions  of  foot,  and  as  many  Canadians  as  make 
the  whole  fpiount  to  three  thousand  men. 

The  admiral's  despatches  and  mine  would  have  gone  eight  or  ten 
days  tooner,  if  I  had  not  been  prevented  from  writing  by  a  fever. 
I  found  myself  so  ill,  and  am  still  so  weak,  that  I  begged  the  general 
officers  ta  consult  together  for  the  public  utility.  They  are  all  of 
opinion,  that  (as  more  ships  and  provisions  have  now  got  above  the 
town)  they  should  try,  by  conveying  up  a  corps  of  4  or  5000  men 
(which  is  nearly  the  whole  strength  of  the  army,  after  the  points  of 
Levy  and  Orleans  are  left  in  a  proper  state  of  defence),  to  draw  the 
enemy  from  their  present  situation,  and  bring  them  to  action.  I  have 
acquiesced  in  their  proposal)  and  we  are  preparing  to  put  it  into 
execution.  ..v*k.«^/  •  ^^-.Mp^^ 

The  admiral  and  I  have  examined  the  town,  with  a  view  to  a  ge- 
neral assault;  but,  after  consulting  with  the  chief  engineer,  who  is 
well  acquainted  with  the  interior  parts  of  it,  and  after  viewing  it  with 
t^e  utmost  attention,  we  found  that,  though  the  batteries  of  the 
lower  town  might  be  easily  silenced  by  the  men  of  war,  yet  the  bu- 
siness of  an  assault  would  be  little  advanced  by  that,  since  the  few 


i'- 


.0 


•V::;:.*%,- 


,';    i  ', 


\\ 


( 


II  i 


'     i 


» 

^ssages  that  lead  from  the  lower  to  the  upper  town,  are  carefullyi 
intrenched ;  and  the  upper  batteries  cannot  be  affepti^^by  the  ships, 
which,  however,  must  receive  considerable  damagiHni  them,  and 
from  the  utortars.  The  admiral  would  jjfe^dily  jfii»fit||R,  or  in  any 
other  measure  for  the  public  service ;  uflpponld  iwt  propose  to  him 
an  undertaking  of  pa  dangerouf  a  na1i||^paid  promising  so  little 
success*  .A,,i'»>^»r::.,>4c.,-4.T' .?j 

To  the  uncommon  strength  of  the  country,  the  enemy  have  added 
(for  the  defence  of  the  river)  a  great  number  of  floating  batteries, 
and  boats.  By  the  vigilance  of  these,  and  the  Indians  round  our  dif- 
feren^^sts,  it  has  been  impossible  to  execute  any  thing  by  surprise* 
We  have  had  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  these  savages,  in  which 
they  are  generally  defeated,  but  not  without  loss  on  our  side. 

By  the  list  of  disabled  oflRcers  (many  of  whom  are  of  rank)  you 
may  perceive,  sir,  that  the  army  is  much  weakened.  By  the  nature 
of  the  river,  the  most  formidable  part  of  this  armament  is  deprived 
of  the  power  of  acting;  et,  we  have  almost  the  whole  forcp  of  Ca- 
nada to  oppose.  In  this  situation*  there  is  such  a  choice-  f«||(^ifficul- 
ties,  that  I  own  myself  at  a  loss  how  to  determine.  "Ulil^airs  of 
Great  Britun,  I  know,  require  the  most  vigorous  meigures;  but 
then,  the''*#Mirage  of  a  handful  of  men  should  be  exerted  only  where 
there  is  some  hope  of  a  favourable  event.  However,  you  aaay  be 
assured,  air,  that  the  small,  part  of  the  campaign  which  remains, 
shall  be  eaplcqred  (as  &r  as  I  am  able)  for  the  honour  of  his  ma- 
jesty,  and  the  interest  of  the  nation,  in  which  I  am  sure  of  being 
well  seconded  by  the  admiral*  and  by  the  generals.  Happy  ^f  our 
efforts  here  can  contribute  to  the  success  of  his  majesty's  arms  in 
any  other  parts  of  America.  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  with  the 
gi«atest  respect,  sir,  your  most  obedient,  and  most  humble  servant, 

JAM?S  WOLFE. 

Right  honourable  Mr.  secretary  Pitt,  8cc.  &c.  &c.  > 


Y- 


;Hbv,  • 


i<';^. 


•  V  >4 


f; 


"t 


OHicersii^ 

Sergeants, 
*^.  DrummerS} 
j^„  Rank  and  file, 

'  Memorandum.— >' 
Jtuly,  1759.  , 


Return  of  killed^  wounded^  and  miaattig. 

,....    ;  r    ...W,-.-:    ,i     Killed.    Wounded.  Misting. 

U  46.  00 

%'ri-|*,W>***felii«fiS        572  17 

182  651  17 


li 


^ 


to  the  affair  near  Montmorenci,  3l8t 


eA^'VJf     '5*^i«Wi|?.     '.^-^iV^'^ '>fc.*'.'      V  «^,        "r   .■:    -if^'ii'i 

orders  given  out  by  general  Wolfe,  on  the  let  of  Au- 
9,  the  day  after  he  attacked  the  enemy's  In^renchments 


below  the 


%t 


Montmorenci. 


vjf-  >i4;. 


i^*^^<i'.;,«t-;; 


"  The  check  which  the  grenadiers  experienced  yesterday  will,  it 
iS)  hoped,  be  a  lesson  to  them  for  the  future.  Such  impeUuous,  irre- 
gillar,  and  unsoldier-like  proceedings,  destroy  all  order,  imke  it  im- 
possible for  their  commanders  to  form  any  disposition  tor  an  attack, 
aod|)Ut  it  out  of  the  general's  power  to  execute  his  plan.  The  gre- 
puld  not  suppose,  that  they  alone  could  beat  the  French 
lerefore  it  was  necessary  that  the  corps  under  brigadier- 
general  Moncton  and  brigadier  Townahend  should  have  had  time 
to  join,  in  order  that  the  attack  might  be  general.  The  very  first 
fire  of  the  enemy  was  sufficient  to  repulse  men  who  had  lost  all  sense 
of  order  and'Oailitary  discipline.  Amherst's  and  the  Highland  regi- 
ments alone,  fa^tthe  soldier-like  and  cool  manner  in  which  they  were 
formed,  would  unfcubtedly  have  beat  back  the  whole  Canadian  army 
if  they  had  ventured  to  attack  them.  The  loss,  however,  is  inconsi* 
derable,  and  may  be  easily  repaired,  when  a  favourable  opportunity 
offers,  provided  the  men  will  shew  a  proper  attention  to  their 
officers." 


^■.3' 


.4't 


.4>* 


*?^ 


B 


& 


V,    .^'H.'SK*'. 


rv 


) 


# 


12 


.<■'<>. 


Letter  from  Admiral  Saundera  to  Secretary  Pitty  dated  fij  j^j,^ 


'I'  M: 


Stirling  Cutle,  off  Point  Levi,  in  the  river  St.  Laurence, 
5th  Septeail^r,  1759. 


Sir, 


^1  ^-i-^^i^V'J^. 


In  my  letter  of  the  6th  of  June,  1  acaiuiinted  you  Iwas  then  off 
Scatari,  standing  for  the* river  St.  Lail'rtoce.  On  the  26th,  I  had 
Q;ot  up,  with  the  first  division  of  the  fleet  and  transports,  as  far  as 
the  middle  of  the  isle  of  Orleans,  where  I  immediately  prepared  to 
land  the  troops,  which  I  did  the  next  momin|^.  The  same  day  the 
second  and  third  divisions  came  up,  and  the  troops  from  them  were 
landed  likewise. 

I  got  thus  far  without  any  loss  or  accident  whatever ;  but  direct- 
ly after  landing  the  troops,  a  very  hard  gale  of  wind  came  on,  by 
which  many  anchors  and  small  boats  were  lost,  and  much  damage 
received  amcng  the  transports  by  their  driving  on  board  each  other. 
The  sliips  that  lost  most  anchors  I  supplied  from  the  men  of  war, 
as  far  as  I  was  able,  and,  in  all  other  respects,  gave  them  the  best 
assistance  m  my  power.  .   .    ™ 

On  the  28th  at  midnight,  tlic  enemy  sent  down  from  Quebec 
seven  fireships ;  and  though  our  ships  and  transpons  were  so  numer- 
ous and  necessarily  spread  so  great  a  part  of  the  channel,  we  towed 
them  all  clear  and  aground,  without  receiving  the  least  damage 
from  them.  The  next  night  general  Monckton  crossed  the  rivtr 
and  landed  with  his  brigade  on  the  south  shore,  and  took  post  at 
Point  Levi;  and  general  Wolfe  took  his  on  the  westernmost 
point  of  the  isle  of  Orleans.  '  * '      "v-  ^ ., 

On  the  1st  of  July  I  moved  up  between  the  points  of  Orleans  and 
Levi ;  and,  it  being  resolved  to  land  on  the  north  shore,  below  the 
the  falls  of  Montmorenci,  I  placed,  on  the  8th  instant,  his  majesty's 
sloop  the  Porcupine  and  the  Boscawen  armed  vessel,  in  the  channel 
between  Orleans  and  the  north  shore,  to  cover  that  landing,  which 
took  place  that  night. 

On  the  17th,  I  ordered  capt  Rous  of  the  Sutherland  to  proceed, 
with  the  first  fair  wind  and  night  tide,  above  the  town  of  Quebec, 
and  to  take  with  him  his  majesty's  ships  Diana  and  Squirrel,  with 


M 


13 


Ued 
Laurence, 


8  then  off 
6th,  I  had 
t  as  far  as 
repared  to 
le  day  the 
iiem  were 

tut  direct- 
ne  on,  by 
1  damage 
ich  other, 
sn  of  war, 
ntbe  best 

\  Quebec 
H>  numer- 
we  towed 
t  damage 
the  river 
L  post  at 
>temmost 

leans  and 
>elow  the 
najesty's 
channel 
J,  which 

proceed, 
Quebec, 
rel,  with 


two  •  ^aed  sloops,  and  two  catts  armed  and  loaded  with  provisions. 
On  the  18th  at  night  they  all  got  up,  except  the  Diana,  «id  g«ve 
general  Wolfe  an  opportunity  of  reconnoitring  above  the  town; 
those  ships  having  carried  some  troops  with  them  for  that  purpose. 
The  Diana  ran  ashore  on  the  rocks  off  point  Levi,  and  received  so 
much  damage,  tlMit  I  have'  sent  her  to  Boston  with  37  sail  of  Ameri- 
can transports  (those  which  received  most  damage  in  the  gale  of 
the  27th  of  June),  where  they  are  to  be  discharged;  and  the  Diana, 
having  repured  her  damage,  to  proceed  to  England,  taking  with  her 
the  mast-ships,  and  what  trade  may  be  ready  to  accompany  her. 

On  the  28th  at  midnight,  the  enemy  sent  down  a  raft  of  fire- 
stages,  of  near  100  radeaux,  which  succeeded  no  better  than  the 
fire-ships. 

On  the  31st,  general  Wolfe  determined  to  land  a  number  of 
troops  above  the  falls  of  Montmorenci,  in  order  to  attack  the  enemy's 
Imes;  to  cover  which  I  placed  the  Centuilbn  in  the  channel, 
between  the  isle  of  Orleans  and  the  falls,  and  ran  on  shore,  at  high 
water,  two  catts  which  I  had  armed  for  that  purpose,  against  two 
small  batteries  and  two  redoubts,  where  our  tnx^s  were  to  land. 
About  six  in  the  evening  they  landed,  but  the  general  not  thinking 
it  proper  to  persevere  in  the  attack,  soon  after  part  of  them  reim- 
barked,  and  the  rest  crossed  the  falls  with  general  Wolfe;  upon 
which,  to  prevent  the  two  catts  from  falling  into  the  enemy's  hands 
(they  being  then  dry  on  shore),  I  gave  orders  to  take  the  men  out, 
and  set  them  on  fire,  which  was  accordingly  done. 

On  the  5th  of  August  in  the  night,  I  sent  twenty  fiat-bottomed 
boats  up  the  river,  to  the  Sutherland,  to  embark  1260  of  the  troops 
with  brigadier-general  Murray,  from  a  post  we  had  taken  on  the 
south  shore.  I  sent  admiral  Holmes  up  to  the  Sutherland,  to  act 
in  concert  with  him,  and  gave  him  all  the  assistance  the  ships  and 
boats  could  afford.  At  the  same  time  I  directed  admiral  Holmes 
to  use  his  best  endeavours  to  get  at  and  destroy  the  enemy's  ships 
above  the  town ;  and  to  that  purpose  I  ordered  the  Lowestoffe,  and 
Hunter  sloop,  with  two  armed  sloops  and  two  catts,  with  provisions, 
to  pass  Quebec,  and  to  join  the  Sutherland ;  but  the  wind  holding 
westerly,  it  was  the  27th  of  August  before  they  got  up,  which  was 
the  fourth  attempt  they  had  made  to  gain  their  passage. 


■Ml 


1* 


H'- 


II 


On  the  25th  at  night,  admiral  Holmes  and  general  Murray^  with 
pajt  of^he  troops,  returned;  they  had  met  with  and  destroyed  a 
magazine  of  the  enemy's  clothing,  some  gunpowder,  and  other 
things ;  and  admiral  Holmes  had  been  ten  or  twelve  leagues  above 
the  town,  but  found  it  impracticable  at  that  time  to  get  further  up. . 
,  General  Wolfe  having  resolved  to  quit  the  camp  at  Montmorenci) 
and  go  above  the  town,  in  hopes  of  getUng  between  the  enemy  and 
their  provisions  (supposed  to  be  in  the  ships  there),  and  by  that  means 
force  them  to  an  action,  I  sent  up,  on  the  39tb  at  night,  the  Sea<4iorse 
and  two  armed  sloops,  with  two  catts  laden  with  provisions,  to  join 
the  rest  above  Quebec ;  and,  having  taken  off  ^1  the  artillery  from 
the  camp  at  Montmorenci)  on  the  3d  instant,  in  the  forenoon,  the 
troops  embarked  from  thence,  and  landed  at  Point  Levi.  The  4th 
at  night  I  sent  all  the  flat-bottomed  boats  up,  and  this  night  a  pert 
of  the  troops  will  march  up  the  south  shore,  above  the  town,  to  be 
embarked  in  the  ships  and  vessels  there,  and  to-morrow  night  the 
rest  will  follow.  Admiral  Holmes  is  also  gone  up  again  to  assist  in 
their  future  operations,  and  to  try  if,  with  the  assistance  ci  the  troops^ 
it  is  practicable  to  get  at  the  enemy's  ships. 

As  general  Wolfe  writes  by  this  opportunity,  he  will  give  you  an 
account  of  hit  part  of  the  operations,  and  his  thoughts  what  further 
may  be  dcme  for  his  majesty's  service..  The  enemy  appear  nume- 
rous, and  seem  to  be  strongly  posted ;  but  let  the  event  be  what  it 
will,  we  shall  remain  here  as  long  as  the  season  of  the  year  will 
permit,  in  order  to  prevent  their  detaching  troops  from  hence 
against  general  Amherst;  and  I  shall  leave  cruisers  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  to  cut  off  taxy  supplies  that  may  be  sent  them,  wkh  strict 
orders  to  k«ep  thtft  station  as  long  as  possible.  The  town  of  Quebec 
is  not  habitable,  bebg  alnwst  entirely  burnt  and  destroyed. 

I  iBGk«e  you  the  present  disposition  of  the  ships  under  my  com- 
mand :  twenty  6f  the  vkfuslllers  that  sailed  from  England  with  the 
EohO)  are  arrived  bere«  onei  unloaded  at  Louisburg,  having  receiv- 
ed damage  in  her  pAstege  out,  and  another  I  have  heard  nothing  of; 
No  ships  of  the  enemy  have  come  this  way,  that  I  have  had  any  in- 
telligence of,  since  my  arrival  in  the  river,  except  one  laden  with 
flour  and  brandy,  which  was  taken  by  capt.  Drake  of  the  Lizard. 

Before  admiral  Durell  got  into  the  river,  three  frigates  and  seven- 


m 


li 


.  ■*;. 


rray,  with 
!8troyed  a 
and  other 
ues  above 
ither  up. . 
Itmorenci) 
tnemy  and 
hat  means 
Sea-horse 
»)  to  join 
Herjr  from 
noon,  the 
The  4th 
ght  a  pert 
»wn,  to  be 
night  the 

0  assist  in 
he  troops^ 

ve  you  an 
at  further 
BT  nume- 
>e  what  it 
year  wit) 
tn  hence 
le  mouth 
^ith  strict 
F  Quebec 

my  com* 
with  the 
'  receiv- 
thing  of: 

1  any  in« 
len  with 
izard. 

d  seven-. 


15 

teen  sail*  with  proviuons,  stores,  and  a  few  recruits,  got  up,  and  are 
those  we  are  so  anxious,  if  possible,  to  destroy. 

Yesterday  I  received  a  letter  from  general  Amherst  (to  whom  I 
have  i&d  no  opportunity  of  wridng  since  I  have  been  in  the  river) 
dated,  camp  at  Crown  pdnt,  August  the  7th,  wherein  he  only  de- 
sire:; I  would  send  transports  and  a  convoy  to  New  York,  to  caf^ 
to  England  six  hundred  and  seven  prisoners  taken  at  the  surrender 
of  Niagara. 

I  should  have  wrote  to  you  sooner  from  hence,  but  white  my  des- 
patches were  preparing,  general  Wolfe  was  taken  very  ill;  he 
has  been  better  since,  but  is  greatly  out  of  ordier. 

I  shall  very  soon  send  home  the  great  shipS|  veA  hi^  the  honour 
to  be,  with  the  greatest  respect,  '^  ¥»#i«W' 

Sir,  your  most  obedient  and  most  humble  servant, 
i^.^^vit^^w^m^^i^.'^^m^-^m't^      CHARLES  SAUNDERS. 


■yiVi/- 


m 


.h-- 


«jH(i  V 


Letter  from  General  Monrkton  to  tecretary  Pitt^  fated 


..ifi^i^  - 


Sir, 


Camp  at  Point  Levi,  Sept  15, 1759. 


I  have  the  pleasure  to  acquunt  jrou,  that  on  the  13th  instant,  his 
majesty's  troops  gained  a  very  fdgnal  victory  over  the  French,  a  little 
above  the  town  of  Quebec.  General  Wolfe,  exerting  himself  on  the 
right  of  our  line,  received  a  wound  pretty  early,  of  which  he  soon  af- 
ter died,  ancTl  had  myself  the  great  misfortune  of  receiving  one  in 
my  right  breast  by  a  ball,  that  went  thipugh  part  of  my  lungs  (an^ 
which  has  been  cut  out  under  the  blade  bone  of  my  shoulder),  just 
as  the  French  were  giving  way,  which  obliged  me  to  quit  the  fiel^. 
I  have  therefore,  sir,  desired  general  Townshend,  who  now  com* 
mands  the  troops  before  the  town  (and  of  which  I  am  in  hopes  he 
will  be  soon  in  possesuon),  to  acquaint  you  with  tRe  particulars  of 
that  day,  and  of  the  operations  carrying  on.  v  «p 

.,        I  have  the  h(Hiour  to  be,  &c. 
'  ROBERT  MONCKTON. 

P.  S.  His  majesty's  troops  behaved  with  the  greatest  steadiness 
and  bravery.  * 


#■■ 


t     '- 


'*. 


,)    ;;-,fiv.:.,.. 


■.    V  ,* 


16 


!■■)  - 


.!■'  / 


I 


,  !      f 


r*  f^ 


It  I 


As  the  surgeoitis  tell  iiie  there  is  no  dkhger  in  my  wound,  I  am  in 
%.     hopes  of  being  soon  enabled  to  join  the  army  before  the  town. 


JXtter  from  Brigadier'General  Totmahend  to  secretary  Fittt  dated 


iiit,,- 


\ir^ 


Sir, 


Camp  before  Qjiebec,  Sept.  20, 1759. 


I  have  the  honour  to  acquaint  you  with  the  success  of  his  ma- 
jesty's arms,  on  the  13th  instant,  in  an  action  with  the  French,  on  the 
heights  to  the  westward  of  this  town. 

It  being  dftermined  to  carry  the  operations  above  the  town,  the 
posts  at  point  Levi  and  isle  d'Orleans  being  secured,  the  general 
marched  w>h  the  remainder  of  the  force  from  point  Levi  the  5th 
and  6th,  and  embarked  them  in  transports,  which  had  passed  the 
town  for  that  purpose.  On  the  7th,  8th,  and  9th,  a  movement  of  the 
ships  was  made  up,  by  admiral  Holmes,  in  order  to  amuse  the  enemy, 
now  posted  along  the  north  shore ;  but  the  transports  being  exceed- 
ingly crowded,  and  the  weather  very  bad,  the  general  thought  pro- 
per to  cantoon  half  his  troops  on  the  south  shore,  where  they  were 
refreshed,  and  reimbarked  upon  the  12th,  at  one  in  the  morning. 
The  light  infantry,  commanded  by  colonel  Howe,  the  regiments  of, 
Bragg,  Kennedy,  Lascelles,  and  Anstruther,  with  a  detachment  of 
Highlanders,  and  American  grenadiers,  the  whole  being  under  the 
command  of  brigadiers  Monckton  and  Murray,  were  put  into  the 
Sat-bottomed  boats,  and,  after  some  movement  of  the  sliips  made  by 
admiral  Holmes,  to  draw  off  the  attention  of  the  enemy  above,  the  boats 
fell  down  with  the  tide,  and  landed  on  the  north  shore,  within  a 
league  of  Cape  Diamond,  an  hour  before  day-break :  the  rapidity  of 
the  ebb  tide  carried  them  a  little  below  the  intended  place  of  attack, 
which  obliged  the  light  in&ntry  to  scramble  up  a  woody  precipice  in 
order  to  secure  the  landing  of  the  troops,  by  dislodging  a  captain's 
post,  which  defended  a  small  intrenched  path  the  troops  were  to  as- 
cend. After  a  little  firing,  the  light  infantry  gained  the  top  of  the 
precipice,  and  dispersed  the  captain's  post;  by  which  means  the 
troops,  with  a  trifling  loss  from'  a  few  Canadians  and  Indians  in  the 
wood,  got  up,  and  were  immediately  formed.    The  boats,  after  dis- 


l!ii  ! 


i^ 


17 


'    s  , 


embarking  their  trcx^s,  were  sent  back  for  the  second  embarkation^ 
which  I  immediately  made.    Brigadier  Murray,  who  had  been  de- 
tached with  Anstruther's  battalion  to  attack  the  four*gun  battery  on 
the  left,  was  recalled  by  the  general,  who  now  saw  the  French  army   , 
crossing  the  river  St.  Charles.     General  Wolfe  thereupon  began 
forming  his  line,  having  his  right  covered  by  the  Louisbourg  grena- 
diers; on  the  right  of  these  again  he  brought  Otway^;  to  the  left 
of  the  grenadiers  were  Bragg's,  Kennedy's,  Lascelles's,  Highlanders, 
and  Anstruther's;  the  right  of  this  body  was  commanded  by  brigadier 
Monckton,  and  the  left  by  brigadier  Murray ;  his  rear  and  left  were 
protected  by  colonel  Howe's  light  infantiy,  who  was  returned  from 
the  four'gun  battery  before-mentioned,  which  was  soon  abandoned  to 
him.    General  Montcalm  having  collected  the  whole  of  his  force 
from  the  Beauport  side,  and  advancing,  shewed  his  intention  to  flank 
our  left,  where  I  was  immediately  ordered  with  general  Amherst's 
battalion,  which  I  formed  en  potence.    My  numbers  were  soon  after 
encreased  by  the  arrival  of  two  battalions  of  royal  Americans ;  and 
Webb's  was  drawn  up  by  the  general,  as  a  reserve,  in  eight  subdivi- 
sions, with  large  intervals.    The  enemy  lined  the  bushes  in  their 
front,  with  1500  Indians  and  Canadians,  and  it  is  probable  they  had 
also  placed  there  their  best  marksmen,  who  kept  up  a  very  galling, 
though  irregular  fire  upon  our  whole  line,  who  bore  it  with  the 
greatest  patience  and  good  order,  reserving  their  fire  for  the  main 
body,  now  advancing.    This  fire  of  the  enemy  was,  however,  checked 
by  our  posts  in  front,  which  protected  the  forming  our  own  line. 
The  right  of  the  enemy  was  composed  of  half  the  troops  of  the  co- 
lony, viz.  the  battalions  of  La  Sarre,  Languedoc,  and  the  remainder 
of  their  Canadians  and  Indians.    Their  centre  was  a  column,  and 
formed  of  the  battalions  of  Beame  and  Guienne.    Their  left  was 
composed  of  the  remainmg  troops  of  the  colony,  and  the  battalion  of 
royal  Rousillon.    This  was,  as  near  as  I  can  ascertain,  their  line  of 
battle.    They  brought  up  two  pieces  of  small  artillery  against  us,  and 
we  had  been  able  to  bring  up  but  one  gun;  which,  being  admirably 
well  served,  galled  exceedingly  their  column.    My  attention  to  the 
left  will  not  permit  me  to  be  very  exact  with  regard  to  every  circum- 
stance which  passed  in  the  centre,  much  less  to  the  right ;  but  it  is 
most  certain  that  the  enemy  formed  in  good  order,  and  that  their  at- 


^f' 


i. 


(I 


.  ''^A*'  ■ 


18 


I   ! 


i 


I 

i 


'f 


V. 


tack  was  very  brisk  and  animated  on  that  side.  Our  troops  reserved 
their  fire  till  within  forty  yards*  which  was  then  so  well  continued, 
that  the  enemy  eyery  where  gave  way.  It  was  then  that  our  illus- 
trious general  fell)  at  the  head  of  Bragg's  and  the  Louisbourg  gre- 
nadiers adrancing  with  their  bayonets;  and,  about  the  same  time, 
brigadier-general  Monckton  received  his  wound  at  the  head  of  Las- 
celles's.  %the  front  of  the  oppoute  battalions  fell  also  Monueur 
Montcalm ;  and  his  second  in  command  is  since  dead  of  his  wounds 
aa  board  our  fleet.  Part  of  the  enemy  made  a  second'^nt  attack. 
Part  took  to  some  thick  copse  wood,  and  seemed  to  make  a  stand. 
It  was  at  this  moment  that  each  corps  seemed  in  a  manner  to  exert 
itself,  with  a  view  to  its  own  peculiar  character.  The  grenadiers, 
Bragg's,  and  Lascelles's,  pressed  on  with  their  bayonets.  Brigadier 
Murray,  advancing  briskly  with  the  troops  under  his  command,  com* 
pleted  the  route  on  this  side ;  when  the  Highlanders,  supported  by 
Anstruther's,  took  to  their  broad-swords,  and  drove  part  into  the 
town,  and  pait  to  the  works  at  their  bridge  on  the  river  St.  Charles. 

The  action  on  our  left  and  rear  was  not  so  severe.  The  houses 
into  which  the  light  infantry  were  thrown,  were  well  defended,  be- 
ing supported  by  cokmel  Howe,  who  taking  post  with  two  companies 
behind  a  small  copse,  and  frequently  sallying  upon  the  flanks  of  the 
enemy  duiing  their  attack,  drove  them  often  into  heaps,  against  the 
(rant  of  which  body  I  advanced  platoons  of  Amherst's  regiment, 
which  totally  prevented  the  right  wing  from  executing  their  first 
design.  Before  this,  one  of  the  royal  American  battalions  had  been 
detached  to  preserve  our  commtmication  with  our  boats,  and  the 
other  being  sent  to  occupy  the  ground  which  brigadier-general  Mur- 
ray's movement  had  left  opeui  I  remained  with  Amherst's  to  sup- 
port this  disposition,  and  to  keep  in  check  the  enemy's  right,  and  a 
body  of  their  savages,  which  waited  still  more  towards  our  rear,  op- 
posite the  posts  of  our  light  infantry,  waiting  for  an  opportunity  to 
fall  upon  our  rear. 

This,  sir,  was  the  situation  of  things,  when  I  was  told  that  there 
appeared  some  degree  of  confbuon  in  the  centre,  arismg  from  our 
pursuit  of  the  enemy:  I  immediately  repaired  to  that  pdnt,  and  im- 
diately  formed  the  troops  with  every  possible  degree  of  regularity. 
Scarcely  was  this  efTected  when  Monsieur  Bougainville,  with  his 


0^;^ 


"W- 


,(   "  ^ 


19 

corps  from  Cape  Rouge,  consisting  of  2000  men,  appeared  in  oui- 
rear.     I  advanced  two  pieces  of  artillery,  and  two  battalions  towards 
him,  when  he  immediately  retired.    You  will  not,  I  hope,  sir,  blame 
me  for  not  quitting  such  advantageous  ground,  and  risking  the  fate  of 
so  decisive  a  day,  by  setting  a  fresh  enemy,  posted  perhaps  in  the 
very  kind  of  ground  he  could  wish  for,  viz.  woods  and  swamps.    Wc 
took  a  great  number  of  French  officers  upon  the  field  of  battle,  and 
one  piece  of  cannon.    Their  loss  is  computed  to  be  about  1500  men, 
which  fell  chiefly  on  their  regulars.    I  have  been  employed,  from  the 
day  of  action  to  that  of  the  capitulation,  in  redoubting  our  camp  be- 
yond insult,  in  making  a  road  up  the  precipice  for  our  cannon,  in 
getting  up  artillery,  preparing  the  batteries,  and  cutting  off  the 
enemy's  communication  with  the  country.    The  17th,  at  noon,  before 
we  had  any  battery  erected,  or  could  have  any  for  two  or  three  days, 
a  flag  of  truce  came  out  with  proposals  of  capitulation,  which  I  sent 
back  again  to  the  town,  allowing  them  four  hours  to  capitulate,  or  no 
farther  treaty.     The  admiral  had,  at  this  time,  brought  up  his  large 
ships,  as  intending  to  attack  the  town.    The  French  officer  returned 
at  night  with  terms  of  capitulation ;  which,  with  the  admiral,  were 
considered,  agreed  to,  and  signed  at  eight  o'clock  in  the  morning  of 
the  18th  instant.     The  terms  granted  will,  I  flatter  myself,  be  ap- 
proved of  1^  his  majesty,  considering  the  enemy  were  assembling  in 
our  rear,  and,  what  is  far  more  foi*midable,  the  very  wet  and  cold 
season,  which  threatened  our  troops  with  sickness,  and  the  fleet  with 
some  accident ;  our  roads  were  already  so  bad,  that  we  could  not  bring 
up  a  gun  for  some  time ;  add  to  this,  the  advantage  of  entering  the 
town  with  the  walls  in  a  defensible  state,  and  thence  being  able  to 
put  there  a  garrison  sufficiently  strong  to  prevent  a  surprise.    These, 
I  hope,  will  be  deemed  sufficient  considerations  for  granting  them 
the  terms  which  I  have  herewith  the  honour  to  transmit.    The  in- 
habitants of  the  country  come  in  to  us  fast,  bringing  in  their  arms, 
and  taking  the  oaths  of  fidelity,  until  a  general  peace  determines 
their  situation. 

I  have  the  honour  to  enclose  herewith,  a  list  of  the  killed  and 
wounded ;  a  list  of  the  prisoners,  as  perfect  as  I  have  as  yet  been 
able  to  procure  it;  a  list  of  the  artillery  and  stores  in  the  town,  as 
well  as  of  those  fallen  into  our  hands  at  Beauport  in  consequence  ol 

C 


^^, 


If-'*' 


\ 

#• 


5X) 

the  victory.  By  deserters  we  learn,  that  the  enemy  are  re-assetn- 
bling  what  troops  they  can,  behind  Cape  Rouge;  that  Monsieur 
Levy  is  come  down  from  the  Montreal  side  to  command  them ; 
some  say  he  has  brought  Ifvith  him,  from  thence,  ttvo  battalions ;  if 
so,  this  blow  has  already  assisted  general  Amherat.  Dy  other  de- 
serters we  learn,  that  Monsieur  Bougainville,  with  800  men,  and 
provisions,  was  on  his  march  to  t'  /ow  himself  into  the  town  on  the 
I8th^  the  very  morning  it  capitulated,  on  nVhich  day  we  had  not 
completed  the  investment  of  the  place,  as  they  had  broke  their 
bridge  of  boats,  and  had  detachments  in  very  strong  works  on  tiie 
other  side  the  river  St.  Charles. 

1  should  not  do  justice  to  the  admirals,  and  the  naval  service,  if  4 
neglected  this  occasion  to  acknowledge  how  much  we  are  indebted 
for  our  success  to  the  constant  assistance  and  support  received  from 
them)  and  the  perfect  harmony  and  correspondence  which  have  pre- 
vailed throughout  all  our  operations,  in  the  uncommon  difficulties 
which  the  nature  of  this  country,  in  particular,  presents  to  military 
operations  of  a  great  extent,  and  which  no  army  can  itself  solely 
supply ;  the  immense  labour  required  in  transporting  artillery,  stores, 
and  provisions;  the  long  watchings  and  attendance  in  boats;  the  draw- 
ing up  our  artillery  by  seamen,  even  in  the  heat  of  the  action ;  it  is 
my  duty,  short  as  my  command  has  been,  to  acknowledge  for  thaty 
how  great  a  share  the  navy  has  had  in  this  successful  campaign. 
I  have  the  honour  to  be,  See.  &c. 
*       #  ^  GEORGE  TO'WNSHEND. 


lie  turn  q/"  killed^  wounded^  and  misaing,  on  the  Plains  of  Abrahani, 
<  '      T  near  Quebecy  1 3th  SffitembeTf  \7 59.  * 

Total  killed,  1  general,*  1  captain,  6  lieutenants,  1  ensign,  3  ser- 
geants, 45  rank  and  file.  >     ,     .  '  .       , 
Total  wounded,  1  brigadier-general,t  4  staff  officers,  12  captains, 
26  lieutenants,  10  ensigns,  35  sergeants,  4  drummers,  506  rank 
and  file. 


♦  Major«Qentrftl  Wolfe  kilted.        f  Brigadier-Gbner^  Monckton  wound(a}. 


M^" 


.'i*- 


fli 


'^•i'. 


Missing,  3  rank  and  file.        "- 

Royal  train  of  artillery  and  engineers,  lieutenant  Benzell,  engineci;) 
wounded;  1  gunner  killed;  1  bombardier,  1  gunner,  5  jnatrosses, 
nounded. 


\>. 


RECAPITULATION.  '       • 

Killed.    Wounded.    Missing. 


Officers, 

Sergeants,  •  \-  ■     • 

Diiimmers, 

Rank  and  file, 

]ftoYAL  TRAIN  OF  ARTILLKRY. 

Officers, 

Gunners,    -  .  - 

Bombardiers,    - 
Matrosses,  •  .         - 


9 

53 

00 

3 

25 

00 

00 

4 

00 

45 

506 

3 

GO 

1 

00 

1 

1 

00 

00 

1 

00 

00 

5 

00 

t 


Totals, 


58 


596 


Commander  in  chief,  Major-Ge* 

neral  Wolfe. 
English  line, 

1 5th  Amherst's, 
,    28th  Bragg's, 

35th  Otway's, 

43d  Kennedy's, 

47th  Lascelles'9, 

48th  Webb's, 

58th  Anstruther's, 

Monckton's, 

78th  Highlanders, 

Laurence's, 

Fraeer's, 

Louisbur^h  grenadiers. 

Royal  artillery. 
N.  B.  Maj.  Gen.  Wolfe  killed. 
Brig.  Gen.  Monckton  wounded. 
13/A  Se/it.  1759. 


Right 


Column 


Commander  in  chief,  marquis  de 

Montcalm. 
French  line.  Strength. 

La  Colonie,  350 

La  Sane,  340 

[one  13  po.  iron. 
Languedoc  320 

Beam,  300 

La  Guienne,         200 
Royal  Roussillon,  330 
[one  12  po.  intend' 
ed  to  be  here,  but 
was  not  placed. 
La  Colonie,  300 

Militia  in  the  bushes  and  1 
along  the  face  of  the  V1500 
bank,  -  -  J 


Left 


1 


Total,        3540 
Principal  officers.  ■ 

Marquis  de  Montcalm,  dead. 
Brigadier  Senezcnquer,  do. 


■  K- 


»•• 


22 

•^^  French  Force  continued.        t    ,/*•-!*  ">'*^ 

T.      M.  Bougainville's  command.      ..' y 
Five  companirs  grenadiers,  150  Canadian  volunteers,  330  favalry, 
875  militia. — Total  1 500,  exclusive  of  189  Marines. 
N.  D.  The  above  are  all  on  board  ships. 

The  bat"'*^  of  four  pieces  of  cannon,  18  pounders,  was  destroyed 
the  morning  of  our  landing. 

Two  pieces  of  cannon  were  taken  on  the  field. 

GEORGE  TOWNSHEND,  Brigar"*!. 


b  : 


Artielea  q/"  Ca/iitulation  demanded  by  M.  de  Rarrfr^y,  -cmmanderfor 
hi»  mott  Chrittian  tnajeaty  in  the  higher  and  loxver  town  qf  Q^ebec^ 
knight  <(f  the  military  order  qf  St.  Louh^  from  hit  excellency  the 
general  commanding  hit  Britannic  tnajeaty't  Jorcet. 

Article  I.  M.  de  Ramsay  demands  the  honours  of  war  for  his  gar- 
rison, and  that  it  s&all  be  conducted  back  to  the  army  in  safety  by  the 
shortest  road,  with  their  arms,  baggage,  six  pieces  of  brass  cannon, 
two  mortal:;  or  howitzers,  and  twelve  rounds.— TlAr  garriaon  qf  the 
tovnii  comfioaed  ef  land  forceay  marineay  and  aailora^  ahatl  march  out 
with  their  arma  and  baggage^  druma  beatings  lighted  matches^  with 
two  fiiecea  of  cannon^  and  twelve  rounda^  and  ahall  be  embarked  aa 
conveniently  aa  fioaaiblcy  in  order  to  be  landed  at  the  Jirat  fiort  in 
France.  ^    '■       .      ■■      . 

Art.  II.  That  the  inhabitants  shall  be  maintained  in  the  possession 
of  their  houses,  goods,  effects,  and  privileges.— Granr^rf,  firovided 
they  lay  down  their  arma. 

Art.  III.  That  the  said  inhaoiUiiU.  shall  not  be  molested  n  'ac- 
count of  their  having  borne  ar  .,  !  i  i.  cfence  o.  ine  town,  as  they 
were  forced  to  it,  and  as  it  is  customary  for  the  inhabitants  of  the  co- 
lonies of  both  crpwns  to  serve  as  militia. — Granted. 

Art.  IV.  That  the  effects  belon;);ing  to  the  absent  officers  or  in- 
habitants, shall  not  be  touched— Gran/ft/. 

Art.  V.  That  the  said  inhabitants  shall  not  be  removed,  nor  ob- 


as 

liged  to  quit  their  houses,  until  their  condition  shall  be  settled  by  a 
definitive  treaty,  l>  tween  their  most  Christian  and  Britannic  majes« 
tits.— Oranrr</. 

Art.  VI.  Thai  ^he  exerci^  of  the  catholic  and  Roniaia  religion 
shall  be  preserved,  and  that  safc-guard§  ^hall  be  granted  to  the  houses 
of  the  cletgyt  and  to  the  monasteries,  particttlarly  to  the  Lishop  of 
Quebec,  who*  animated  with  zeal  for  religion,  and  charity  for  the 
people  of  his  diocese,  desires  id  reside  constantly  in  iu  to  exercise 
freely  and  vrith  that  decency  which  his  charactet  and  the  sacred 
mysteries  of  the  catholic,  apostolic,  and  Roman  religion  require,  his 
episcopal  authority  in  the  town  of  Quebec,  wherever  he  shall  think 
it  proper,  until  the  possession  of  Canada  shall  have  b«en  decided  by 
a  treaty  between  their  most  Christian  and  Britannic  mnjesties.— 
Tht  free  exercUe  qfthe  Roman  religion.  S<\fe-suardii  granted  to  all 
reiigiouM  fieraona^  aa  v/ell  at  to  the  biahcp,  w/kj  nhall  be  at  liberty  to 
come  and  exerciae  freely^  and  with  decency^  thej  nctiona  o/hia  office 
toherever  he  ahall  think  firofier^  until  the  fioaae^nim  qf  Canada  ahall 
have  been  decided  between  their  Britcmnic  and  moat  Chriatian  ma- 
jeatiea. 

Art.  VII.  That  the  artillery  and  warlike  stores  shall  be  delivered 
up  bonajidey  and  an  inventory  taken  thereof.—- Gra  nrref. 

Art.  VIII.  That  the  sick,  wounded,  commissaries,  chaplains,  phy- 
sicians, surgeons,  apothecaries,  and  other  persons  employed  in  the 
hospitals,  shall  be  treated  agreeable  to  the  cartel  settled  between 
their  most  Christian  and  Britannic  majesties  on  the  cth  of  February, 
1759. — Granted. 

Art.  IX.  That,  before  delivering  up  the  gate,  and  *he  entrance  of 
the  town,  to  the  English  forces,  their  general  will  be  pleased  to  send 
some  soldiers  to  be  placed  as  safe-guards  at  the  churc  hes,  convents, 
and  chief  habitations. — Granted. 

Art.  X.  That  the  commander  of  the  city  of  Quebec  shall  be  per- 
mitted to  send  advice  to  the  mai'quis  de  Vaudreuil,  gove  rnor-general, 
of  the  reduction  of  the  town ;  as  also  that  this  general  shall  be  aUowed 
to  write  to  the  French  ministry,  to  inform  them  thereof. — Granted. 

Alt.  XI.  That  the  present  capitulation  shall  be  executed  accord- 
ing to  its  form  and  tenour,  without  being  liable  to  non-evecution  un- 


'I* 


k^ 


% 


t ,,  A«» 


i  t. 


'•  ,  1 


f     I 


I 


24 

dcr  pretence  of  reprisals,  or  the  non-execution  of  any  preceding 

capitulation.— Granret/. 
The  present  treaty  has  been  made  and  settled  between  us,  and 
duplicates  signed  at  the  camp  before  Quebec,  the  1 8th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1759. 

':^    >  ;(^j;     ,        .  charles  saunders, 

•       ■'  GEORGE  TOWNSHEND, 

/  ,     ,    i)E  RAMSAY. 


■€t 


QUEBEC 


Is  situated  on  a  prominent  point  of  land,  between  the  rivers  St. 
Lawrence  and  St.  Charles,  about  320  miles  from  the  sea,  in  north 
lat.  46°  48'. ;  long,  west,  from  London,  71*  15';  and  east,  from  Wash- 
ington, S**  45'.*  It  is  60  miles  distant  from  the  nearest  point  in  the 
United  States,  in  the  district  of  Maine— 170  from  Montreal — 246 
from  Plattsburg — and  796  from  Albany.  The  town  is  divided  into 
upper  and  lower.  .^The  upper  town  stands  on  a  high  limestone  rock, 
of  great  natural  strength,  and  it  is  well  fortified.  The  citadel  is 
constructed  on  the  highest  part  of  Cape  Diamond,  330  feet  above  the 
river,  and  is  very  strong ;  and  the  whole  works  have,  of  late  years, 
been  much  improved. 

The  lower  town  occupies  the  ground  at  the  basis  of  the  promon- 
toiy,  which  has  been  gained  from  the  clifTs,  on  one  side,  by  mining, 
and  from  tlie  river,  on  the  other,  by  the  construction  of  wharves ;  and 
this  is  the  principal  pk^e  of  commerce. 

In  consequence  of  the  peculiarity  of  situation,  the  streets  are  ge- 
nerally irregular  and  uneven;  many  of  them  very  narrow,  and  but 
few  of  them  are  paved.  The  houses  are  generally  built  of  stone, 
and  are  very  rough  and  unsightly,  the  interior  being  plain  and  void 
of  taste.  The  public  buildings  arc  numerous,  but  the  greater  part 
of  them  are  equally  void  of  taste  and  elegance  with  the  private  build- 
ings; though  much  labour  and  expense  must  have  been  bestowed  on 
the  construction.     The  principal  public  buildings  are  the  Catholic 

*  See  Mellsh's  mjjp  of  the  seat  of  war; 


.*   ij 


«' 


'■•■#■  = 


,•9  It.' 


25 


cathedral  church)  the  Jesuit's  college,  the  seminary,  the  protestant 
metropolitan  church,  the  court-house,  the  hotel  Dieu,  convent  of  Ur- 
(iulines,  library,  general  hospital,  Sic.  The  monastery,  once  a  build- 
ing of  considerable  importance,  was  destroyed  by  fire,  m  1796;  and 
the  order  became  extinct.   fU:  r  ••"';' 't.->'  "■>'■  •'-;  .*>•    ,ij,iS^|^itry   •■ 

The  population  appears,  by  the  most  recent  accounts,  to  be  about 
J  5,000.  About  two-thirds  of  the  inhabitants  are  of  French  extrac- 
tion, who  are  gay  and  lively ;  and  the  inhabitants  generally,  are  re- 
presented as  being  polite  and  hospitable. 

Before  the  present  war  Quebec  was  a  great  emporium  of  com- 
merce, and  the  city  was  remarkably  well  supplied  with  provisions. 
The  country  round  Quebec  is  pretty  fertile ;  but  the  stoppage  of  the 
supplies  from  the  United  States  must  have  a  considerable  effect, 
both  on  the  trade  and  markets.  'jfti;  ■'if    ^-y 

The  river,  opposite  the  city,  is  from  900  to  1000  yards  broad,  and 
its  greatest  depth,  at  high  water,  is  thirty  fathoms,  the  anchorage  be- 
ing every  where  safe  and  good.  The  flow  of  the  tide  is  very  strong, 
rising  usually  to  eighteen  feet,  and  at  spring-tides  to  twenty-four. 
The  river,  in  winter,  is  frequently  frozen  over,  when  the  scene 
becomes  very  amusing  and  interesting,  affording  the  country  peo- 
ple, on  the  south  side,  an  opportunity  of  bringing  their  produce 
to  market  over  the  ice ;  and  presenting  a  field  for  the  exercise  of 
the  citizens,  who  are  frequently  seen  driving  their  horses  and  car- 
riages on  the  frozen  suiface  of  the  river.  Below  the  town  the  ri- 
ver widens  out  into  a  spacious  basin,  capable  of  containing  a  vast 
quantity  of  shipping.  Immediately  below  this  it  is  divided  by  the 
island  of  Orleans  into  two  streams,  from  whence  it  widens  out  to  10 
or  12  miles,  continuing  to  encrcase  till  it  reaches  the  gulph  of  St. 
Lawrence,  where  it  is  170  miles  wide,  and  discharges  one  of  the 
largest  collections  of  fresh  water  on  the  surface  of  the  globe.  It  is 
navigable  with  ships  of  the  largest  burden  to  Quebec,  and  with  mer- 
chant vessels  to  Montreal.  The  tide  flows  to  Three  Rivers,  about 
70  miles  above  Quebec. 

The  view  round  Quebec  is  beautiful.  To  the  west  are  the  heights 
and  plains  of  Abraham,  rendered  memorable  by  the  battle  between 
the  French  and  English,  in  1759.  To  tl^e  north  is  the  river  St. 
Charles,  of  which  the  windings  present  a  picturesque  appearance. 


1: 

I 
I 


* 


fi.- 


i-  u 


•^.l' 


.%*^^ 


•V',-  . 


«  '. 


26 


if  it 


'h^ 


^  ■ 


■^"■■•Hj 

1 

y 

i'*.' 

'''To  the  south  mm)  iMAith-eastis  the  river  and  high-lands  above  Point 
^  des  Peres.  To  the  east  is  the  basiO}  Point  Levi,  Isle  of  Orleans,  with 
the  north  and  south  channels.  To  the  north-east  are  the  mountains* 
of  Beauport,  stretching  beyond  the  river  Montmorenci,  remarkable 
as  exhibiting  one  of  the  most  ivonderful  falls  in  the  world,  a  de- 
scription of  which  shall  close  this  account.  ^j,' 

The  river  Montmorenci  rises  in  the  north-east,  and  passes  through 
a  course  of  considerable  extent.  On  its  approach  to  the  St.  Law- 
rence the  channel  is  bounded  bjr  precipitous  rocks,  its  breadth  be- 
-'^  comes  much  contracted,  and  the  rapidity  of  the  current  is  aug- 
mented. On  the  east  side  the  bank  is  about  50  feet  high,  and 
nearly  perpendicular ;  the  opposite  bank  being  of  a  singular  shape, 
Tesembling  the  ruins,  of  a  lofty  wall.  The  river  descends  between 
them  with  a  foaming  current,  broken  by  huge  masses  of  stone  in  its 
bottom.  It  continues  to  augment  in  velocity,  and  forms  several  cas- 
cades before  reaching  the  great  fall ;  when  it  is  precipitated,  in  an  al- 
most perpendicular  direction,  over  a  rock  246  feet  high,  forming  one 
of  the  most  sublime  views  in  the  world. 

The  breadth  of  the  fall  is  100  feet.  The  basUi  is  bounded  by 
steep  cliffs,  composed  of  grey  limestcne.  An  advantageous  view  of 
th<^  ^U  may  be  obtjiiii^  irop  the  beach  of  |he  Su  Lawrence)  when 
it ,i8  low  water.     ^i|il-jir./,Vu*»'i;-.  .?{-  ■  >:  ;<?^v,.  ,;.;  ^:i.    '.■.-.    ••"..;•' 

After  the  reduction  of  Quebec  the  whole  country  above  it  fell  be- 
fore the  British  arms ;  and  has  since  become  the  seat  of  very  extensive 
settlements,  under  the  British  government.  Of  these  the  most  im- 
portant is  the  city  of  Montreal,  being  the  great  mart  for  traffic  with 
the  northern  states,  and  with  the  Indians,  and  the  emporium  of  the 
fur  trade.  A  description  and  plan  of  that  city,  and  adjacent  country, 
has  therefore  been  judged  a  proper  accompaniment  to  the  account  of 

Quebec,     ^?••i;;^^;?^/^f " j^!^ii.- ...*;.*.i.. ,  *&r>*%-v^"^ '■■'.;  -■ 
r.'i^i,-r.^-fi;»     MONTBEAL  ^^^''^"'^^^^   '  •' 

Is  situated  on  the  south-east  side  of  an  island  of  the  same 
name,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  45°  2^' north  latitude ;  andlongi- 


■■'■'^FW' 


^■<^- 


s:  ^'.  ■•' 


!■■!«■','•'  ■    r  -r 


above  Point 

rlwuiB,  with 

B  mountains' 

remarkable 

i^orld,  a  de- 

ses  through 

le  St.  Law- 
breadth  be- 
'ent  is  aug- 
high,  and 

ular  shape, 
ids  between 

stone  in  its 
several  cas< 
ed,  in  an  al- 
brming  one 

bounded  by  ■ 
ous  view  of 
t«nce,  when 


e  it  fell  be. 
y  extensive 
e  most  im- 
traffic  with 
ium  of  the 
Dt  country, 
account  of 


the  same 
and  longi- 


.iS-A?i;.  tj;"t  'W'w'-'fc.i 


■jf 


'i-v   A 


* 


.^&:ia: 


■rfiji'l^i"'af* 


/■    iJ    ^'    <^' 


•    :■ 


»     /  ,.  J'    ;*       .         '      e- 


,  «*e*..>^+W4-»'     *iH.H»»<«*li/'W»"JIWW«»*>-»<N»i' 


..-M^^^t*****"*****^'' 


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ii 

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;Tp5l"tiv.-'-4^tii  Ki\4'i'i'Jr^.«*'TiSt/lB'mf/Tjv«r  Wrti%fe^^«'ji*w'e  Point'  ' 

i?»<v  »'ert.s.    To  tU»* «?!«'  i"-  \he  basin,  Point  Levi,  Hk  w'  Omuo^,  ■*vith 

(tie  lion! >  and  soutlj  ihasujcis.     To  Un*  nonh-cast  ,f»v  fl-   Mt^uiUiiits* 

»%  exlMiyJtinjj  <*»«  M"  th*  t»**?  •W'HlftU^iii^l  fiiiU  in  the  wt.;:rf;'.  n  dc- 

I'he  nvft/' v^'W^Wiareuci ii«*i«  tlve  i»wrtIi'«!«*<ij^if(«J  iwis&tR  thrr.nfjh 
a  course  ^^  i*«»»t#**pv<Ai>Je  exte»t  f >«  us  a-ppcoar^  **j  ^ht  Srt  Law- 
fenc»  {!»»  **I,*A^#«4  i^  liDuuflctt  ftjf  jwrsjcipitous  rocVj,  i«*  W8**^.rt>  be- 
•eM*i*<*«  i»W#  t*»*f***Sf«.i^s  ■«««  th^'  ri'.ijjkJitf  of  thr  current  r»  ini^;;- 

«r>«t.<i«*5..-    -^-^is  «/*!!  «*5«#  iici*'  i^ij   i3*rsi>.  it.   ai'^ytit'  ,;U,?  A;tt  Iuk^^  and 

**;«|fif>iin^-?l3«'T#aa»v#f'*:k*t«y'  waH,  -^-e'  river-  fJescewis  tf;iwef!M 
them  ■wilH  a  foanting  rurrcnt,  brokMi  hf  huge  masses  of  Btcrae  in  its 
IxittOiU.  It  eontinut!*  !o  augwent  h\  vt'lotity,  af>tl  forms  severiil  cat>- 
t&Atfi  haime  reachiiiK  'Vve  jjttaJ  t'aH  i  when  it  is  prccipitaiexl,  in  an  al- 


.■J;ilft^-il«  l^a»!.«^v.imi*|_i^3ti**i«»!  th«  ^feiSSN- fi«i«»*r;y --siWt^t  it  ffU  \ki 

iiu-  t4tt^;::>';lfcvj^j?'#^^^'^  ciHv^^  sUjaceut  coumrj-, 

'!ii*  tU*y'^^?tett.M*'^<':f>''^***---t^^       BCcumpar!U«#iA  to  tlac  iuetount  of 


of 


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h  above  Point 
Y>m'Um^  with 

"  ■■■  through 
^  &t    Law- 
I'  t«w.j^,H>  be- 
l^t-trm  ii*  atig . 
'  fii«:*>i  and 

fini*  I.  Ki'.vceii 
ofstoiKi  in  Its 

a:«  <J,  in  an  al- 


•ofMONTHEiM.^vdth  a  MiP  of  the  ISLANDS  fc  a^ommg;0>umiy 


Id  if>l' 


Rung  o«H> 


h  Ji'^Mmied  by  . 
N*»^  v*«tv  of 


»»^  it  Mi  bei 
►"•y  vxtvr»siv<i 
tifeft  »e-;»si  iiii- 
0m^c  witJi 
H-mm  oi"  ('  e 
«i)t  couotr), 
C  !!A:':>;>u>r  of 


i  and  lone»! . 


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tucle  west  from  London  73"  30';  being  east  from  WRshingttHi  3"  40'.* 
It  is  1 70  miles  above  Qqebec,  500  from  the  sea,  40  from  fhv  nearest 
land  in  th«  United  States,  66  from  PlaAtsburg,  3uO  from  Kingston,  at 
the  east  end  of  lake  Ontario,  and  about  the  same  distance  from 
Sacket's  Harbour.  It  is  built  in  the  form  of  a  paralLelogram»  ex- 
tending froirx  north-east  to  south-^vest,  and  was  originally  surrounded 
by  a  wall  to  ddend  it  against  the  IiKliaHs ;  but  it  vna  never  in  a  state 
to  resist  the  attack  of  a  regular  army.  The  fortiBcations  Sellto  ruin 
long  ago,  and)  in  purspAnce  of  an  act  of  the  colonial  legislature,  tbey 
have  lately, been  entirely  demolished.  This  city,  like  Quebec,  is  dii 
vided  intp^  upper  and  k>wer,  though  the  difference  of  level  between 
them  does  not  exceed  fifteen  feet.  .  v  ^'^t^",Ul  sa'fi  !ifii«nu.v<;  ,3»?fH. 
,  The  streets  are  si^flicicntly  wide,  and  regularly  disposed,  erossing 
one  another  mostly  at  right  angles,  so  that  the  city  is  airy  and  agree- 
able. The;  houses  of  the  principal  inhabitants  are  neat  and  bomnu)- 
dious;  and  the  store-houses,  fur  merchandize,  are  spacious  and  se- 
cure ;  but  many  of  the  other  houses  are  badly  built,  and  have  a  very 
poor  appearance.  The  principal  public  biiildingsiare  the  hotel  Dieu, 
founded  in  1 644 ;  the  general  hospital,  Place  d'Jrmea,  the  cathedral, 
a  Roman  cathol^p  and  an  English  church,  a  seminary,  two  convents, 
goveniment  l^ouset  «^d  a  court  of  law.  Ancbntly  there  were  a  num- 
ber of  gates  to  the  city,  distinguished  by  several  names,  some  of 
which  yet  remain,  but  the  walls  being  aw^iy,  the  gates  aro  now  onty 
known  by  name 

The  front  of  the  city  stands  on  an  eminence  of  fix)m  10  to  I5*feet 
above  the  level  of  the  river,  whioh  forms  a  natural  and  very  excel- 
lent wharf,  the  seat  of  an  extensive  commerce ;  and  the  environs  are 
composed  of  four  streets,  vi2.  Quebec,  St.  Lawrence,  Recolet,  and 
St.  Antoine.  The  city  and  suburbs  contain  about  1 2,000  inhabitants ; 
and  the  city  is  in  such  a  state  of  improvement  that  it  pi'omises  to  be- 
come one  of  the  most  important  places  on  the  western  continent. 

Montreal  island  is  30  miles  long,  and  its  greatest  breadth  between 
7  and  8 ;  its  circumference  being  about  70  miles.  The  land  rises 
gradually  from  the  river,  and,  at  the  distance  of  two  miles  and  a  half 
from  the  city,  forms  a  mountain,  about  700  feet  high,  from  the  top  of 
which  there  is  a  fine  view. 


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I'he  island  is  divided  into  nine  parishes,  and  is  the  wat  of  very  ex- 
tensive population.  The  principal  settlements,  besides  Montreal, 
are  ia  CMfiCy  so  called  from  a  project  formed  to  penetrate  across  the 
continent  to  China  from  this  place  j  St.  Joseph,  le  Saut,  St.  (jaurent, 
St.  Oenevive,  and  St.  Ann.        >  '  '■'    ■■•,;•;  .-vl-   .rVt^u.i^  ^' •:,■>•" 

The  itle  qf  Jeautr  lies  to  the  north-west  of  Montreal,  from  which 
it  is  divided  by  the  river  dea  Prairies;  so  called  from  being  bordered 
on  each  side  by  meadows.  This  island  is  about  15  miles  long,  and  S 
broad,  and  contains  several  cettlementst  and  to  the  westward  are 
two  smaller  islands,  named  Biaarty  and  Perrot.  To  the  north  of  the 
isle  of  Jesus  is  the  river  St  John,  a  branch  of  theOutawas,  or  Grand 
River,  a  considerable  stream,  which  towards  the  west  is  interspersed 
with  such  a  vast  variety  of  islands,  that  there  appears  as  much  land 
as  water.  To  the  west  of  this  are  the  Tvro  Mountainty  and  to  the 
south  qf  them  the  Outawas  River  extends  itself  into  a  large  basin, 
called  the  lake  of  the  Two  Mountains,  being  about  8  or  9  miles 
long,  and  4  or  5  broad ;  and,  being  divided  imo  two  channels  by  the 
isle  Perrot,  it  forms  a  junction  with  the  St.  Lawrence  in  the  lake 
St.  Louis. 

Lake  St.  Louit  is  only  an  extension  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
about  4  miles  broad,  and  stretches  to  la  Chine,  where  it  contraets  to 
the  breadth  of  little  more  than  half  a  mile,  and  opposite  to  la  Prairie 
there  are  considerable  rapids;  below  which  it  spreads  out  into  a 
stream  from  one  to  two  miles  wide,  interspersed  with  a  number  of 
islands,  among  which  the  river  runs  with  a  strong  current,  and  it  is 
pretty  deep.  It  is  navigable  with  merchant  vessels  to  Montreal,  but 
it  requires  a  strong  east  wind  to  bring  them  up,  so  that  the  passage 
is  very  tedious ;  but  the  city,  nevertheless,  has  great  mercantile  ad- 
vantages. It  enjoys  a  much  more  favourable  climate  than  Quebec, 
the  winters  being  six  weeks  shorter.  The  soil  around  it  is  rich  and 
fertile,  and  the  markets  are  abundantly  supplied;  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  the  supplies,  before  the  war,  were  furnished  by  the  United 
States.  V 

The  mode  of  navigating  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Outawas  upwards, 
is  interesting.  The  St.  Lawrence  is  navigated  by  flat-bottomed  boats, 
about  forty-nine  feet  long,  and  six  across,  at  the  broadest  part.  They 
generally  carry  about  9000  lbs.  and  are  conducted  by  four  men  and  a 


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fgaide.  Each  boatli  supplied  with  a  mast  and  stdl,  a  grappling  iron^ 
with  ropes,  and  setting  poles.  When  loaded,  they  ta'  *heir  depar- 
ture from  la  Chine,  generally  eight  or  ten  together,  tuat  the  crews 
may  aid  each  other;  and  the  time  of  performing  the  voyage  to 
Kingston  and  back  is  about  ten  or  twelve  days ;  the  distance  being 
about  200  miles. 

From  twenty  to  thirty  of  these  boats  are  kept  in  the  service  vf  the 
government,  for  transporting  necessaries  to  the  troops,  stores  for  the 
engineer  department,  and  firetentt  qf  Eurofitan  mant{facture  to  the 
Indian  tribes. 

The  navigation  of  the  Outawas,  or  Grand  River,  is  performed  in 
bark  canoetf  in  a  direct  course  to  St.  Joseph,  on  lake  Huron,  and 
thence  to  the  new  establishment  called  Kamanasti^ua,  on  lake 
Superior.  / 


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No.  S09,  CuESNUT  Street.  ' 


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Travels  in  the  United  States,  Canada,  Sec.  8  maps,  boards,  2  5 
Map  of  the  Scat  of  War  in  North  America,,  second 

edition,  improved '  < 

Map  of  the  Southern  Section  of  the  United  States,  includ-    ■ 

ing  Florida,  8cc.  -  t 

N.  B.  These  two  r  aps  exhibit  a  complete  view  pf  the 
United  States,  including  Canada' and  Florida      ,7'^^'^  *'  ' 
•^  Description  of  the  Seat  of  War,  with  Maps  of  the  countrjr 
round    Fort  George,    Buffalo,   round    Kingston    and 
Sackfct's  Harbour,  and  round  Montreal ;  with  a  plan  of 
:      that  city     .  *  S0| 

■   Description  of  Florida,  with  an  Historical  View  of  the 
Transactions   relative  to   taking   possession  of   that 
\0^^:-      country  13| 

;s^^!^-  Map.of  the  American  Coast  from  Norfolk  to  Newport; 
■-  y ,.  -     including  charts  of  Delaware  and  Chesapeak  b^ys,  of 
VJ^V^®^  York  harbour,  aivi  Long  Island  Sound      •     '    ";^      1 
*;'^^|i«ap  of  the  State  of  Ohio        ;  v   50 

.'     l^ortable  Map  of  the  United'  States,  with  the  roads  and 
:  .r-j^      distances  1  35 

;  /fitatistical  Account  of  the  United  States,  with  Topographi- 
"j      cal  Tables  of  the  Counties,  Population,  8cc.  25 

,     ,  ;  Map  and  Statistical  Table,  handsomely  bound  for  the 
*    [.J      pocket'    ■'■  .'  ■■■■'■.  ■!''''''■',."■•" 'j-.,  .■• 

'  f  .  Map  of  Detroit  River,  exhibiting  the  Seat  of  operations  of 

the  North-Western  Army  •    -  1 

.    .   .  Map  of  Quebec  and  adjacent  country        '    '  :'%•.-' J  >' 

'    *  ■  . 

ItT*  An  elegant  folio  Juvenile  Atlas,  exhibiting  a  general 
view  of  all  countries  in  the  World,  with  appropriate    ' . 
descriptions,  and  a  series  of  Statistical  Tables,  is  in 
preparation,  and  will  be  speedily  published— price  5 


JVovember  1,  1813.. 


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